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USS ''Nicholson'' (Destroyer No. 52/DD-52) was an built for the United States Navy before the American entry into World War I. The ship was the second U.S. Navy vessel named in honor of five members of the Nicholson family who gave distinguished service in the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War: brothers James, Samuel, and John Nicholson; William Nicholson, son of John; and James W. Nicholson, grandson of Samuel. ''Nicholson'' was laid down by William Cramp and Sons of Philadelphia in September 1913 and launched in August 1914. The ship was a little more than in length, just over abeam, and had a standard displacement of . She was armed with four guns and had eight torpedo tubes. ''Nicholson'' was powered by a pair of steam turbines that propelled her at up to . After her April 1915 commissioning, ''Nicholson'' sailed off the east coast and in the Caribbean. After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, ''Nicholson'' was sent overseas to patrol the Irish Sea out of Queenstown, Ireland. In October 1917, ''Nicholson'' steamed to the rescue of , driving off German submarine , which had shelled the American cargo ship for over three hours. In November, ''Nicholson'' and another US destroyer, , were responsible for sinking German submarine , the first submarine taken by US forces during the war. In September 1918, ''Nicholson'' helped drive off after that U-boat had torpedoed the American troopship off the coast of France. Upon returning to the United States after the war, ''Nicholson'' was placed in reduced commission in November 1919. She was decommissioned at Philadelphia in May 1922. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in January 1936 and sold for scrapping in June. ==Design and construction== ''Nicholson'' was authorized in March 1913 as the second of six ships of the , which was an improved version of the s authorized in 1911. Construction of the vessel was awarded to William Cramp and Sons of Philadelphia which laid down her keel on 8 September 1913, the same date as of sister ship . On 19 August 1914, ''Nicholson'' was launched by sponsor Mrs. Charles T. Taylor. The ship was the second US Navy ship named after five members of the Nicholson family who gave distinguished service in the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War. They were brothers James Nicholson, the senior Continental Navy Captain; Samuel Nicholson, the first captain of ; and John Nicholson; Also honored were William Nicholson, son of John; and James W. Nicholson, grandson of Samuel.〔 As built, the destroyer was in length, abeam, and drew .〔〔 The ship had a standard displacement of and displaced when fully loaded.〔〔 ''Nicholson'' had two Zoelly steam turbines that drove her two screw propellers, and an additional pair triple-expansion steam engines, each connected to one of the propeller shafts, for cruising purposes. Four oil-burning White-Forster boilers powered the engines, which could generate , moving the ship at up to .〔〔 ''Nicholson'' reached an average speed of over a 4-hour run during sea trials on 23 March 1915.〔Cochrane pp. 395, 397.〕 ''Nicholson''s main battery consisted of four caliber Mark 9 guns,〔〔The ''50'' denotes the length of the gun barrels; in this case, the gun is 50 calibers, meaning that the gun is 50 times as long as its bore, or in this case. The Mark number is the version of the gun; in this case, the ninth US Navy design of the 4-inch/50 gun.〕 with each gun weighing in excess of .〔 The guns fired armor-piercing projectiles at . At an elevation of 20°, the guns had a range of .〔 ''Nicholson'' was also equipped with eight torpedo tubes. The General Board of the United States Navy had called for two anti-aircraft guns for the ''O'Brien''-class ships, as well as provisions for laying up to 36 floating mines.〔 From sources, it is unclear if these recommendations were followed for ''Nicholson'' or any of the other ships of the class. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Nicholson (DD-52)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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